Simple and non-toxic fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)-patterned polymer surface for the formation of cell patterns

- Negative PVA patterns were formed on NPS substrates by selective ion irradiation.
- The surface of PVA patterns was more hydrophilic than that of the NPS substrate.
- Well-organized cell patterns were created on the PVA-patterned NPS substrates.
- It can be due to the preferential adsorption of serum proteins on PVA patterns.