Mechanical and interfacial properties of poly(vinyl chloride) based composites reinforced by cassava stillage residue with different surface treatments

- Cassava stillage residue (CSR) was modified by different surface treatments.
- Untreated and different treated CSRs were used as reinforce for PVC-based composites.
- Surface treatments had positive effect on improving the properties of composites.
- Mechanical activation-assisted coupling agent treated CSR showed the best results.
- We report an efficient and green method for the surface treatment of plant fibers.