Effect of electrolyte temperature on the formation of self-organized anodic niobium oxide microcones in hot phosphate-glycerol electrolyte

► Nanoporous niobium oxide microcones were formed by anodizing in phosphate-glycerol electrolyte. ► The size and shape of microcones were independent of electrolyte temperature. ► However, the required anodizing time to form microcones became shorter at higher temperatures.