The crystalline orientation and ferroelectric properties of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films mediated by the intermediate layer of LaNiO3

▶ The crystalline orientation of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) thin films are successfully controlled by the intermediate layer of LaNiO3 (LNO) with chemical solution deposition (CSD). ▶ The anisotropic polarization of BLT thin films is studied, which shows that the vector of the main spontaneous polarization in these layered perovskite materials (BLT) is along a axis. ▶ The crystalline orientation LNO thin film is directly controlled by two different thermal treating processes with chemical solution deposition.