Improving endothelialization on 316L stainless steel through wettability controllable coating by sol-gel technology

► Our current work highlights the enhancing of endothelialization of 316L by controlling the wettabilities of surface. ► Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells responded differently to the coated surfaces. ► Accelerated endothelialization was found at the moderately hydrophilic surface. ► These results are expected to lay foundation for the solution of the vascular restenosis.