Interfacial layer formation at ZnO/CdS interface

► We investigate the chemical bonding states at the ZnO/CdS interface. ► We focus on using a combination of XPS and XAFS measurements ► Octahedral ZnO6 species forms in the initial stage of the ZnO deposition ► It is suggested that CdSO4 forms at the ZnO/CdS interface ► We enable the significant investigation by using a combination of XPS and XAFS.