Electrochemical depositions of fluorohydroxyapatite doped by Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+ on stainless steel substrates

► Electrochemical deposition process has been successfully used for synthesis of metal ions-doped fluorohydroxyapatite coatings. ► The metal ions reduce the crystallinity of the coatings and improve the surface structure which contributes to the formation of thin and homogeneous layers. ► The solubility of fluorohydroxyapatite layers varies with syntheses temperature. ► The differences in working conditions affect the degree of fluoridation in the coatings. ► The antimicrobial efficiency of biomaterials is improved.