Anatase type titania nanotube arrays direct fabricated by anodization without annealing

In this paper, anatase type titania nanotube arrays were direct fabricated by anodization in dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte containing 1 wt% HF solution at above 50 °C without subsequently annealing. The length of the nanotubes decreases with increasing anodization temperature from about approximately 15 μm at 40 °C to approximately 4.5 μm at 60 °C. High resolution transmission electron microscope images and selected area electron diffraction pattern confirm the polycrystalline anatase specimen consisting of many nanocrystals with a random orientation.