Formation and structure of sphene/titania composite coatings on titanium formed by a hybrid technique of microarc oxidation and heat-treatment

▶ Sphene/titania composite coatings were fabricated on titanium by a hybrid technique of microarc oxidation (MAO) and heat treatment. ▶ Heat treatment could change the surface morphology and thickness of the MAO coatings. ▶ The heat-treatment has obvious effect on the chemical states of Si, Ti and O elements but did not affect that of Ca. ▶ In the heat-treated MAO coatings at 800 °C, the titanium surface shows a MAO top layer and oxidized interior layer.