Analysis of blind data hiding using discrete cosine transform phase modulation

This paper presents an analysis for data embedding in two-dimensional signals based on DCT phase modulation. A communication system model for this data embedding scheme is developed. Closed form expressions for estimating the number of bits that can be embedded given a specific distortion measure and the probability of bit error are developed. The data embedding process is viewed as transmitting data through a binary symmetric channel with crossover error probabilities, which depends only on the power in the selected coefficients and the noise created by the signal processing operations undergone by the image.