کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
53801 | 46984 | 2016 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
• We find that Ru/GO catalyst produce 92% of cyclic ethers from LA and GVL hydrogenation under vapor phase conditions.
• Enhancement of catalytic activity of Ru/GO than Ru/carbon is attributed to well dispersion of metallic Ru nanoparticle and presence of oxy-functional group on GO.
• Ru/GO provides it stability for long term without any activity loss.
Ruthenium nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (GO) catalysts have been evaluated for bio-based levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation to produce vapor-phase cyclic ethers in a fixed-bed reactor. It was found that using the GO supported Ru nanoparticles (Ru/GO) produced additional hydrogenation products – cyclic ethers (54%) and γ-valerolactone (GVL; 41%), while Ru on carbon (Ru/C) catalysts gave only GVL with 100% LA conversion. To improve the yield of cyclic ethers, an additional two-step hydrogenation of LA via GVL was successfully carried out. This provided GVL as a second feedstock from which the Ru/GO catalyst could produce cyclic ethers such as methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Ru on GO catalysts showed a 92% selectivity of predominantly cyclic ethers, including a 77% selectivity of MTHF through two steps process. Such a remarkable enhancement in activity and selectivity of LA hydrogenation over Ru/GO can be attributed to the well-dispersion of Ru nanoparticles, as well as favorable interaction with GO in the presence of oxy-functional groups of GO. In order to evaluate the active sites on the catalyst, they were characterized using different characterization techniques such as Raman, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD), electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and H2-chemisorption and N2 adsorption.
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Journal: Catalysis Today - Volume 265, 1 May 2016, Pages 174–183