Polarity determination of wurtzite-type crystals using hard x-ray photoelectron diffraction

► We analyzed c-axis polar surfaces of ZnO using x-ray photoelectron diffraction. ► Diffraction patterns were measured as a function of polar and azimuth angle. ► Zn-terminated and O-terminated surfaces produced different diffraction patterns. ► Analysis of the patterns has shown which angles are best for determining polarity.