A synergistic effect of Li-B-Si glass and La-B on low-temperature sintering of BaO-0.15ZnO-4TiO2 dielectric ceramic

In the present work, the synergistic effect of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass (LBS) and La2O3-B2O3 (LaB) addition on the wetting behavior, activation energy, phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of the BaO-0.15ZnO-4TiO2 ceramic (Ba-Zn-Ti) has been investigated to understand the low temperature mechanism of the sintering kinetic. The results show that co-doping with LBS and LaB decreases the activation energy and therefore accelerates the sintering process of the Ba-Zn-Ti due to the liquid phase formed at a low sintering temperature. Moreover, the co-doping of LBS and LaB restrains the appearance of BaTi(BO3)2 caused by the reaction of Ba-Zn-Ti and LBS, which has a deleterious effect on the densification and microwave dielectric properties of Ba-Zn-Ti. With LBS and LaB co-doped, the sintering temperature of Ba-Zn-Ti significantly dropped from 1150 °C to 850-900 °C and remained excellent microwave dielectric properties.