Nanodiamond: A high impact nanomaterial

Diamond nanoparticles occupy a special niche among nanomaterials due to their combination of outstanding mechanical performance, chemical resistance, biocompatibility, and unique optical and electronic properties. In this review a brief survey of the different classes of nanodiamond particles based on synthesis method and associated structural features is provided. Then major structural features of ND particles (size, shape, crystallographic core, surface chemistry, internal defects/dopants, and presence of sp2 carbon) are discussed as well as their connection with ND properties and related applications. In conclusion current opportunities in the fields of production and processing of nanodiamond particles and the outlook for the future of the field are critically discussed.