Transparent WO3/Ag/WO3 electrode for flexible organic solar cells

In this paper, the high-performance of WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) transparent electrodes in transferrable and flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is presented. By carefully optimizing the thickness of Ag film, the thermally evaporated WO3(25 nm)/Ag(13 nm)/WO3(25 nm) layer were obtained with a high transmittance of ∼81.4% and a low sheet resistance of ∼19 Ω/sq. By employing this WAW as transparent electrode and a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the protective layer, transferrable OSCs Glass/PAN/WAW/Organics/Ca/Al can be smartly separated and transferred onto other substrates while maintaining their performances very well. Therefore, in this way the sandwich-structured WAW electrodes provide a promising approach to play a great role in transferrable OSCs.