Reprint of “Investigations of electrochemical luminescence characteristics of ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes electrode and silica-based gel type solvents”

In this work, we suggest a simple preparation process for advanced electrochemical luminescence (ECL) cell-based on silica gel type solvents using ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes (ZnO/TNT) electrode. The ionic liquid gel solvent was prepared by adding silica nanopowder in liquid Ru(II) complex. The ZnO/TNT nanotubes were fabricated by anodic oxidation method. The ECL cell-based silica gel type on ZnO/TNT electrode is composed as F-doped SnO2 (FTO) glass/Ru(II) complex [Ru(bpy)32 +] mixed silica gel type/ZnO/TNT electrode film/FTO glass. The morphological and structural properties of ZnO/TNT electrode film were confirmed to be successful by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction and a spectral brightness analyzer. The threshold voltage at light emission start was 2.0 V for ZnO/TNT that was lower than 2.24 V for zinc oxide (ZnO), 2.25 V for TiO2 nanotube (TNT) and 2.75 V for bare FTO. The luminance and electrical properties of the ECL cell-based silica gel type with ZnO/TNT electrode were 253 cd/m2 for light intensity, 64 mA for output current, and 0.55 lm/W for ECL efficiency at 4 Vac 60 Hz. The peak intensity of the ECL cell-based silica gel type with ZnO/TNT electrode at wavelength was 622 nm which responded to dark orange color and had no effect on electrode layers. The ZnO/TNT electrode for ECL cell can increase an ECL efficiency and long lifetime stability.