Influence of implantation voltage on the biological properties of zinc-implanted titanium

Titanium (Ti) has been widely used as orthopedic and dental implants, it is very important to improve the osteogenic activity and antibacterial ability of titanium implants. The objective of this work was to investigate the osteogenic and antibacterial ability of the zinc (Zn) ion implanted Ti at different implantation voltage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that Zn was successfully implanted into titanium. Zn-implanted titanium surfaces exhibit enhanced cell proliferation ability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and partial resistance to both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The excellent osteogenic and antibacterial ability are highly related to the implantation voltage. The cell proliferation and antibacterial ability can be enhanced by increasing the implantation voltage from 15 kV to 30 kV, indicating that Zn implantation at 30 kV is more beneficial to both osteogenic and antibacterial ability.