A two-stage framework for multiobjective energy management in distribution networks with a high penetration of wind energy

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution networks has brought great challenges to the volt/var management due to their intermittency and volatility. This paper proposes a two-stage energy management framework of distribution networks to facilitate the accommodation of high wind energy penetration. In the proposed framework, the volt/var management problem is formulated and decomposed as a two-stage energy scheduling optimization model with different time frames considering the uncertainties of wind energy and load forecasts. In the first stage, a scenario-based stochastic day-ahead scheduling model is formulated to optimize the 24-h charging/discharging scheme of energy storage system (ESS) and power generation of diesel generator (DG) in order to minimize the expected operation cost. Based on the stochastic optimal scheduling results in the first stage, the second stage implements the multiobjective volt/var optimization (VVO) to determine the optimal real-time operation of volt/var control devices, considering the costs of adjusting the control devices (CACDs). The proposed method has been fully evaluated and benchmarked on a 69-bus distribution network under various operational scenarios to demonstrate its superiority on various performance metrics and further confirm its effectiveness and efficiency for distribution networks to accommodate a high penetration of wind energy.