Ecological coal mining based dynamic equilibrium strategy to reduce pollution emissions and energy consumption

Coal mining activities have caused serious environmental problems; however, almost 30% of global primary energy demand is met using coal, making it difficult to replace in the near future. Under these circumstances, as it is not possible to completely cease coal mining activities, coal mines need to invest in cleaner production techniques to reduce environmental damage. To achieve pollution emissions and energy reductions, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-objective mixed 0-1 model based on ecological coal mining, in which environmental technological investment and production adjustments are integrated into a dynamic system to seek ecological and economic equilibrium, and emissions reductions and energy conservation are controlled using double dynamic transfer equations. Different from previous papers, this model considers the effect of production adjustments and energy conservation on the environment and the economy with the aim of achieving global optimization through integrated planning. To solve the proposed model, a hybrid algorithm with a standard and an antithetic method-based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOs) is developed. A case study from Chaohua Colliery is presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the optimization model. The results and comparison analyses showed that as the dynamic adjustments strengthened the production and investment coordination for global optimization, integrated production and environmental investment planning provided coal mines with a superior method to solve conflicts between the ecology and the economy.