ReviewCyanobacterial lectins characteristics and their role as antiviral agents

- Cyanobacterial lectins (CVN, MVN, SVN, OAA) have high specificity towards complex mannose residues.
- Enveloped viruses such as HIV, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, etc. are rich in cell surface attached complex mannose glycans.
- Cyanobacterial lectins thus target a repertoire of enveloped viruses.
- Cyanobacterial lectins have unique structural features leading to their varied anti-viral potential.

Lectins are ubiquitous proteins/glycoproteins of non-immune origin that bind reversibly to carbohydrates in non-covalent and highly specific manner. These lectin-glycan interactions could be exploited for establishment of novel therapeutics, targeting the adherence stage of viruses and thus helpful in eliminating wide spread viral infections. Here the review focuses on the haemagglutination activity, carbohydrate specificity and characteristics of cyanobacterial lectins. Cyanobacterial lectins exhibiting high specificity towards mannose or complex glycans have potential role as anti-viral agents. Prospective role of cyanobacterial lectins in targeting various diseases of worldwide concern such as HIV, hepatitis, herpes, influenza and ebola viruses has been discussed extensively. The review also lays emphasis on recent studies involving structural analysis of glycan-lectin interactions which in turn influence their mechanism of action. Altogether, the promising approach of these cyanobacterial lectins provides insight into their use as antiviral agents.