Regulation of nutrient recycling via autophagy

- Autophagy is essential for nutrient recycling and remobilization in plants.
- Both bulk and specific autophagy participate to nutrient recycling.
- Autophagy defects result in major metabolic disorders.
- Nutrients and energy status control autophagy in plant, animal and yeast.

Autophagy is a universal mechanism in eukaryotes that promotes cell longevity and nutrient recycling through the degradation of unwanted organelles, proteins and damaged cytoplasmic compounds. Autophagy is important in plant resistance to stresses and starvations and in remobilization. Autophagy facilitates bulk and selective degradations, through the delivery of cell material to the vacuole where hydrolases and proteases reside. Large metabolite modifications are observed in autophagy mutants showing the important role of autophagy in cell homeostasis. The control of autophagic activity by nutrients and energy status is supported by several studies in plant and animal. We review how autophagy contributes to nutrient management in plants and how nutrient status control this degradation pathway for adaptation to the environment.