Post-translational regulation of plant immunity

- Phosphorylation is a rapid and transient switch for PTI.
- PTM links metabolic pathways important for defense.
- PTM of TSB1 counters pathogen virulence strategies.
- PTM at the host-pathogen interface during ETI.
- NPRs are regulators of both ETI and SAR.

Plants have evolved multi-layered molecular defense strategies to protect against pathogens. Plant immune signaling largely relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) to induce rapid alterations of signaling pathways to achieve a response that is appropriate to the type of pathogen and infection pressure. In host cells, dynamic PTMs have emerged as powerful regulatory mechanisms that cells use to adjust their immune response. PTM is also a virulence strategy used by pathogens to subvert host immunity through the activities of effector proteins secreted into the host cell. Recent studies focusing on deciphering post-translational mechanisms underlying plant immunity have offered an in-depth view of how PTMs facilitate efficient immune responses and have provided a more dynamic and holistic view of plant immunity.