New grape stems' isolated phenolic compounds modulate reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation in vitro: Combined formulations with vitamins C and E

- Grape stem is a sustainable source of bioactive flavonols and anthocyanins.
- Combination of vitamins and phenolics boost their biological activity.
- Malvidin-3-O-glucoside + vitamin E provides balanced biological actions.
- Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide + vitamin C provides balanced biological actions.

The antioxidant potential of grape (Vitis vinífera L.) stems has been reported in the last decade although no identification of the individual compounds responsible for such action has been done. In this work, polyphenolic extract of grape stems was processed resorting to semi-preparative HPLC, allowing to obtain 5 purified polyphenols (caftaric acid, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, mailvidin-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl)-glucoside, and Σ-viniferin), which were fully characterized by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn. Isolated compounds were featured on their radical scavenging capacity (DPPH and ABTS), cell viability, anti-inflammatory activity, and capacity to modulate the level of reactive oxygen species, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and overall oxidative stress in a biological model (human keratinocytes) in vitro, under basal and oxidative conditions. The results obtained noticed the combinations malvidin-3-O-glucoside + Vitamin E and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide + vitamin C as the most effective, allowing to improve the capacity of complete extracts or individual compounds, and being candidates to be used in the development of new functional products.

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