In vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper nanopowders prepared by green synthesis

- In vitro cyototoxicity of green synthesized copper, iron oxide and zinc oxide nanopowders were assessed.
- Vero, PK 15 and MDBK cells used for in vitro study for nanopowders use in animal applications.
- Effect of various concentrations (10-50 μg/100 μl) and exposure time of nanopowders were evaluated in the current study.
- It suggested that the activity of green synthesized NPs were highly dependent on concentration, exposure time and type of cells.
- Present study revealed that the all the three selected metallic nanoparticles were found non-toxic.
- The synthesized nanoparticles may be used for in vivo application.

In vitro cytotoxic effects of ZnO, FeO and Cu metallic nanopowders (NPs) on Vero (African green monkey kidney cell line), PK 15 (Pig kidney cell line) and Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell lines were investigated at different time intervals (24 and 48 h). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized (plant based) nanopowders. The comparative effects of exposure period and concentration of nanopowders on cell viability were studied. Green synthesized nanopowders showed varying activity on different type of cells and the effect was generally based on the concentration and exposure time. In MDBK cells, only ZnO nanopowder (NP) showed significant effect on cell viability. The ZnO NP showed improved cell viability at lower concentration (10 μg/100 μl) in all type of cells (Vero, PK 15 and MDBK cells). In contrast, FeO NP showed better activity at the concentration of 10 μg/100 μl, 50 μg/100 μl and 40 μg/100 μl after 24 h exposure time in Vero, PK 15 and MDBK cells respectively. However better cell viability was observed in Cu NP treated Vero, PK 15 and MDBK cells at 40 μg/100 μl, 20 μg/100 μl and 10 μg/100 μl correspondingly. These studies suggested that the activity of green synthesized NPs were highly dependent on concentration, exposure time and type of cells.

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