Thrust Magnitudes, Rates, and 3-Dimensional Directions Delivered in Simulated Lumbar Spine High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Manipulation

Faculty member performance of simulated spinal manipulation indicated that they are able to control the thrust magnitude and rate as well as direction. In this sample, there was significant variability in peak loads between participants, which needs to be considered in student learning standards. These findings may be useful in translating the understanding of force characteristics to the technique teaching lab.