Polymorphisms in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes after five years of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) implementation from urban Kolkata, India

SP resistance hallmark mutations i.e., quadruple (AIRNI-SAEAA) or quintuple (AIRNI-SGEAA) genotype in pfdhfr and pfdhps was absent which indicates that SP components of used ACT is still effective in the study area. It is also evident by the clinical response of AS + SP. Monitoring the efficacy of this combination (both by therapeutic and molecular marker study) at a regular interval is highly suggested to record any development of SP resistance in near future.