Comparison of Benefit of Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion in Patients With Versus Without Reduced (≤40%) Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Successful recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTO) has been associated with improved survival. Data on outcomes in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for CTO, however, are scarce. Between January 2005 and December 2013, a total of 2,002 consecutive patients undergoing elective CTO percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care center were divided into patients with (LV ejection fraction ≤ 40%) and without (LV ejection fraction > 40%) LV systolic dysfunction as defined by transthoracic echocardiography. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Median follow-up was 2.6 (1.1 to 3.1) years. A total of 348 (17.4%) patients had LV dysfunction. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with LV dysfunction (30.2%) than in those with normal LV function (8.2%, p <0.001), and associations remained significant after adjustment for baseline differences (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.57 to 4.47, p <0.001). Successful CTO recanalization was independently associated with reduced all-cause mortality, with similar relative risk reductions in both the preserved (6.6% vs 16.9%, adjusted HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.70, p <0.001) and the reduced LV function groups (26.2% vs 45.2%, adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98, p = 0.04, interaction p = 0.28). In conclusion, irrespective of LV function, successful CTO recanalization is associated with a clear survival benefit.