Cardiac Adenylyl Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Expression Profiles Vary by Age, Disease, and Chronic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Treatment

Unique regulation of AC and PDE isoforms supports a differential molecular adaptation to HF in children compared with adults, and may help identify mechanisms specific to the pathogenesis of pediatric HF. Greater understanding of these differences will help optimize medical therapies based on age and disease process.