Review articleMultiple sclerosis in India: Iceberg or volcano

- MS prevalence is changing all over the world.
- India has witnessed shift from being low MS risk zone to moderate.
- Prevalence rate of MS in India is low but slowly growing.
- In India, MS prevalence has increased from 1.33/100,000 to 8.35/100,000.
- MS remains to be a challenge for researchers and neurologists across globe.

Multiple sclerosis (MS)1 is a chronic neurodegenerative disease involving destruction of the myelin sheath around axons of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve. There has been a tremendous transformation in its perspective across globe. In recent years, its prevalence has changed dramatically worldwide and India is no exception. Initially, MS was believed to be more common in the Caucasians of Northern Europe and United States; however, it has been found to be present in Indian subcontinent as well. There has been a considerable shift in MS prevalence in India and this has really changed the notion of considering India as a low risk zone for MS. In this review, a concise overview and latest update on changing scenario of MS in India is presented along with some major challenges regarding it persisting across globe even today. In India, remarkable upsurge is needed in carrying out large scale population-based epidemiological studies to get an idea about the true incidence and prevalence rates of MS viz a viz disease burden. Through this review, we have probably tried to identify the actual picture of MS prevalence in India and this could serve as harbinger for upcoming research and at the same time it would definitely aid in working out future strategies for MS management in the country.

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