Impact of Epinephrine Contained in Local Anesthetic Solution on Serum Lactate Level During Orthognathic Surgery

Increases in intraoperative serum lactate levels during orthognathic surgery are associated, at least in part, with increased aerobic glycolysis because of β2-adrenergic signaling. Lactate increase caused by epinephrine contained in a local anesthetic solution does not result in a poor postoperative outcome.