Acides gras saturés et risque cardio-métabolique

This review focuses on the relationship between saturated fat intake and cardiometabolic risk. After a concise biochemical reminder, a brief historical note shows the foundation of the dogma of their deleterious effect, mainly based on ecological studies and the link between saturated fat and cholesterol elevation. However, for years, many evidence show no link between saturated fat intake and cardiometabolic risk. We review prospective studies, substitution studies, primary and secondary prevention studies, all confirming that saturated fatty acids (SFA) in general have no negative effect on the risk. On the other hand, an adequate intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (without excess) and omega-3 is desirable. We briefly discuss the effects of SFA on different markers and factors of cardiometabolic risk. Overall it appears that the origin of SFA is an important issue, and should explain why some errors were made in the interpretation of previous studies. Finally, the overall balance of all fatty acids and therefore their diversity must be considered.