Optimization of the implant diameter and length in type B/2 bone for improved biomechanical properties: A three-dimensional finite element analysis

In this paper, effects of the implant diameter and length on the maximum equivalent stresses were evaluated in jaw bones, and maximum displacements examined in an implant–abutment complex by a finite element method. The implant diameter ranged from 3.0 mm to 5.0 mm, and implant length ranged from 6.0 mm to 16.0 mm. Results suggested that under axial load, the maximum equivalent stresses in cortical and cancellous bones decreased by 77.4% and 68.4% with the increasing of diameter and length respectively. Under buccolingual load, those decreased by 64.9% and 82.8%, respectively. The maximum displacements of implant-abutment complex decreased by 56.9% and 78.2% under axial and buccolingual load respectively. When the diameter exceeded 3.9 mm and the length exceeded 9.5 mm, the minimum stress/displacement was obtained. The evaluating targets were more sensitive to the diameter change than that of the length. Data indicated that the implant diameter affected stress distribution in jaw bone more than length did; and an implant diameter exceeding 3.9 mm and implant length exceeding 9.5 mm was the optimal selection for type B/2 bone in a cylinder implant by biomechanical considerations.