Combined intravenous, topical and oral tranexamic acid administration in total knee replacement: Evaluation of safety in patients with previous thromboembolism and effect on hemoglobin level and transfusion rate

Combined intravenous, oral and topical TXA is effective in knee replacement and can safely be given to patients with a thromboembolic history > 12 months ago. High dosage (> 25-50 mg/kg) TXA resulted in the smallest decrease in postoperative hemoglobin.