Update on upper cervical spine injury classifications

The upper cervical spine, which extends from the occiput to C2, is a common site for trauma, with injuries populating a broad spectrum between mild to very severe. In light of this heterogeneity, and due to the potential for neurologic injury as well as the unique anatomic and biomechanical characteristics of the cervical spine, there is a need for reliable and practical classification systems to aid clinicians when diagnosing, discussing and treating injuries affecting this region. Over the years, a number of such classifications have arisen, each with their own unique set of strengths and weaknesses. In this article we provide an overview of existing upper cervical spine trauma classifications, as well as an update on the new and upcoming developments on this topic.