Research paperNon-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in a New Zealand birth cohort

- Sample consisted of 709 adults in a birth cohort with different self-injury histories.
- Results provide support for a non-suicidal and suicidal self-injury dichotomy.
- Childhood sexual abuse was associated with both NSSI and suicidal behavior.
- A history of non-suicidal self-injury was a risk factor for future suicidal ideation.
- Results provide support for studying non-suicidal self-injury throughout the lifespan.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts are related, but distinct behaviors. The primary aim of the current study was to identify factors that distinguish those with different lifetime histories of self-injury. A secondary aim was to test whether lifetime history of self-injury at age 26 predicted current suicide ideation at age 32.MethodsParticipants were 26 year olds from a large birth cohort with a lifetime history of no self-injury (n = 466), a lifetime history of NSSI (n = 191), or a lifetime history of NSSI and a suicide attempt (NSSI+SA; n = 52). They were compared on a history of psychiatric disorders, 12-month suicide ideation, lifetime history of childhood sexual abuse, and lifetime exposure to suicide.ResultsAn anxiety disorder, a substance dependence disorder, suicide ideation, and a history of childhood sexual abuse distinguished the NSSI+SA and NSSI only groups. Longitudinal results demonstrated that a history of NSSI predicted future suicide ideation after adjusting for other selected risk factors.LimitationsThe majority of analyses are cross-sectional which limits inferences about causality. The retrospective self-report for lifetime behavior could be subject to reporting biases.ConclusionsAdults with a history of NSSI and adults with a history of NSSI and a suicide attempt are clinically distinct groups that are both at risk of future suicide ideation. Identifying and treating NSSI could be a key preventive factor in reducing subsequent suicide risk.