Research articleModulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor ameliorates harmaline-induced essential tremor in rat

- Sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue typically ameliorated harmaline induced tremor.
- FTY affected explorative and gait disturbances induced by harmaline.
- FTY improved impairments of anxiety-like behaviors following harmaline administration.

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with unknown etiology. Despite lack of effective clinical treatments, some potential therapeutic factors and modulation of some neurotransmitters have been utilized to ameliorate motor symptoms in the animal models of tremor. In the current study, male Wistar rats (n = 10 in each group) weighing 40-60 g were divided into vehicle control groups (saline or DMSO), saline/DMSO + harmaline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) + fingolimod (FTY720) (1 mg/kg, i.p, 1 h before harmaline injection) groups. Open field, rotarod, wire grip and foot print tests were used to evaluate motor function. The results demonstrated that administration of FTY720 can improve harmaline-induced tremor in rats. Moreover, FTY720 ameliorated gait disturbance. The results showed that FTY720 can recover step width, left and right step length; however, FTY720 failed to recover mobility duration. FTY720 also improved falling time and time spent in wire grip and rotarod, respectively. The current study provides the first evidence for the effectiveness of FTY720 on motor function in the harmaline model of ET. Furthermore, neuroprotective effects of FTY720 demonstrated in this study offer sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators as a potential neuroprotective candidate against substance-induced tremor and a possible strategy for the treatment of patients with tremor.