Cerebrolysin alleviates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by increasing the levels of plasticity-related proteins and decreasing the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the rat hippocampus

The incidence of vascular dementia (VaD) has rapidly increased over the past few decades. Although officially approved medications for VaD remain limited, cerebrolysin (CBL) had preventive and treatment effects on VaD in some clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine whether CBL protects against cognitive deficits in a rat model of VaD induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by increasing the levels of plasticity-related proteins and decreasing the levels of apoptosis-related proteins. In our study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery. The animals were randomly divided into four groups after the operation: Sham, Vehicle, L-CBL (2.5 ml/kg), and H-CBL (5 ml/kg). CBL was administered after the operation daily for 28 days. The CBL treatment significantly decreased the escape latency and increased the percentage of time the rat spent in the target quadrant of the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Pathological changes in the hippocampus, such as reduced cell count numbers and obvious pyknosis, were observed using haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Furthermore, CBL significantly increased the expression of plasticity-related synaptic proteins, such as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), protein kinase C subunit gamma (PKCγ), phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB), and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus. In summary, CBL likely protects against cognitive deficits by improving synaptic plasticity and decreasing apoptosis.