The induction of ligninolytic enzymes depending on menadione based oxidative stress and cell damages in Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The effect of menadione treatment on the activities of lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, quinone detoxifying enzyme DT-diaphorase and the levels of hydroxyl (OH), total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also protein and DNA damage in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The activities of LiP, MnP and laccase were increased as 5.14-, 10.73- folds at 6th h and 4.18-fold at 8th h after 0.75 mM menadione treatment, respectively, compared to the controls. The highest DT-diapharose activity was found in 0.2 mM exposure as 2.48-fold of the control at 6th h. The OH and total ROS levels were higher than the controls in general. The highest OH and total ROS levels were observed in 0.5 mM treatment as 2.3-fold at 3rd h and1.9-fold at 4th h of the controls, respectively. The levels of protein carbonyl and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA increased with increasing concentration and incubation time and reached to 2.84 and 3.34-folds of their controls, respectively. In spite of a significant increase of ligninolytic enzyme activities and of DT-diaphorase activity, the increases in OH and total ROS levels caused increases in the protein carbonyl levels and AP sites in DNA by approximately 3.0-fold in P. chrysosporium. On the other hand the observed inductions in ligninolytic enzymes were higher than the increases in damage of cellular biomolecules and these results provide opportunity to develop further biotechnological applications of P. chrysosporium treated with menadione.