ISPH modelling of landslide generated waves for rigid and deformable slides in Newtonian and non-Newtonian reservoir fluids

A comprehensive modeling of landslide generated waves using an in-house parallel Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) code is presented in this paper. The study of landslide generated waves is challenging due to the involvement of several complex physical phenomena, such as slide-water interaction, turbulence and complex free surface profiles. A numerical tool that can efficiently calculate both slide motion, impact with the surface and the resulting wave is needed for ongoing study of these phenomena. Mesh-less numerical methods, such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), handle the slide motion and the complex free surface profile with ease. In this paper, an in-house parallel explicit ISPH code is used to simulate both subaerial and submarine landslides in 2D and in more realistic 3D applications. Both rigid and deformable slides are used to generate the impulsive waves. A landslide case is simulated where a slide falls into a non-Newtonian reservoir fluid (water-bentonite mixture). A new technique is also proposed to calculate the motion of a rigid slide on an inclined ramp implicitly, without using the prescribed motion in SPH. For all the test cases, results generated from the proposed ISPH method are compared with available experimental data and show good agreement.