Improving the treatment of non-aqueous phase TCE in low permeability zones with permanganate

- Transport experiments used transmissive and low permeability zones (LPZs).
- 14C-labeled TCE was used to quantify oxidation of DNAPL in LPZs by permanganate.
- Stabilization aids prevented MnO2 rind formation.
- DNAPL oxidation improved when xanthan and stabilization aids were used.