Enhanced biotransformation of nitrobenzene by the synergies of Shewanella species and mediator-functionalized polyurethane foam

► Shewanella and AQS-PUF had synergistic effect on promoting nitrobenzene reduction. ► AQS-PUF can induce Shewanella species to secrete more flavins. ► EPS of Shewanella species was involved in direct bio-reduction of nitrobenzene. ► EPS could also interact with secreted flavins to mediate nitrobenzene bio-reduction.