Partition behavior of surfactants, butanol, and salt during application of density-modified displacement of dense non-aqueous phase liquids

► Aqueous surfactant increases the partition of butanol aqueous phase. ► Water partition to NAPL phase via butanol and surfactant in NAPL phase. ► PCE partition to aqueous phase by solubilization into micelles. ► Surfactants cause the dramatically partition of water to NAPL phase. ► Aqueous salt dispels surfactant to NAPL phase.