کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
5780065 | 1634699 | 2017 | 8 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Assessing eruption column height in ancient flood basalt eruptions
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
ارزیابی ارتفاع ستون فوران در فوران های بازالت سیلاب باستانی
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کلمات کلیدی
بازالت سیل، آب و هوا، رزا، دی اکسید گوگرد، گروه بازالت کلمبیا، ارتفاع بال
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
علوم زمین و سیارات
علوم زمین و سیاره ای (عمومی)
چکیده انگلیسی
A buoyant plume model is used to explore the ability of flood basalt eruptions to inject climate-relevant gases into the stratosphere. An example from the 1986 Izu-Oshima basaltic fissure eruption validates the model's ability to reproduce the observed maximum plume heights of 12-16 km above sea level, sustained above fire-fountains. The model predicts maximum plume heights of 13-17 km for source widths of between 4-16 m when 32% (by mass) of the erupted magma is fragmented and involved in the buoyant plume (effective volatile content of 6 wt%). Assuming that the Miocene-age Roza eruption (part of the Columbia River Basalt Group) sustained fire-fountains of similar height to Izu-Oshima (1.6 km above the vent), we show that the Roza eruption could have sustained buoyant ash and gas plumes that extended into the stratosphere at â¼45°N. Assuming 5 km long active fissure segments and 9000 Mt of SO2 released during explosive phases over a 10-15 year duration, the â¼180km of known Roza fissure length could have supported â¼36 explosive events/phases, each with a duration of 3-4 days. Each 5 km fissure segment could have emitted 62 Mt of SO2 per day into the stratosphere while actively fountaining, the equivalent of about three 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions per day. Each fissure segment could have had one to several vents, which subsequently produced lava without significant fountaining for a longer period within the decades-long eruption. Sensitivity of plume rise height to ancient atmospheric conditions is explored. Although eruptions in the Deccan Traps (â¼66Ma) may have generated buoyant plumes that rose to altitudes in excess of 18 km, they may not have reached the stratosphere because the tropopause was substantially higher in the late Cretaceous. Our results indicate that some flood basalt eruptions, such as Roza, were capable of repeatedly injecting large masses of SO2 into the stratosphere. Thus sustained flood basalt eruptions could have influenced climate on time scales of decades to centuries but the location (i.e., latitude) of the province and relevant paleoclimate is important and must be considered.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Volume 457, 1 January 2017, Pages 263-270
Journal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Volume 457, 1 January 2017, Pages 263-270
نویسندگان
Lori S. Glaze, Stephen Self, Anja Schmidt, Stephen J. Hunter,