Molecular mechanism of kidney injury of mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

► We evaluate kidney injury and its mechanism of mice caused by TiO2 NPs. ► Mice exposed to TiO2 NPs showed nephric dysfunction. ► TiO2 NPs exposure caused inflammatory response and cell necrosis in kidney. ► TiO2 NPs increased levels of the pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines expression. ► TiO2 NPs induced CYP1A expression, but inhibited HSP70 expression in kidney.