Environmental impacts of combined milk and meat production in Norway according to a life cycle assessment with expanded system boundaries

GWP impacts of 1.5-1.6 kg CO2-eq per kg energy corrected milk (ECM) and 17.7-18.4 kg CO2-eq per kg carcass were calculated. By excluding production of machinery, buildings, medicines, detergents, seeds, fence and pesticides, the GWP impacts were reduced by approximately 8% per kg carcass and 9% per kg ECM. Compared to results from other studies, the GWP related to production of milk and meat was high in the present investigation. The validity of comparisons with other studies is however low due to differences in allocation and system boundaries.