Characteristics of PCDD/F content in fly ash discharged from municipal solid waste incinerators

► This paper presents PCDD/F content characterization in the fly ash discharged from sixteen large-scale commercial MSWI in Taiwan. ► The PCDD/F characteristic index (DCI) is suggested using the representative congener content of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF to characterize the fly ash. ► The findings provided PCDD/F fingerprint information to distinguish from other PCDD/F sources, and thus be applied to fly ash management.