Influence of injection conditions on EDDS-flushing of metal-contaminated soil

► Focused on effect of injection modes and operation conditions in column study. ► Multi-pulse injection: consistently more effective than single-pulse injection. ► Continuous injection: simple operation and highest Ni and Cu extraction. ► Step-gradient injection: best option for Zn and Pb extraction. ► Lower pore-water velocity enhanced Ni and Cu but hindered Zn and Pb extraction.