Comparison between ultrasonographic findings of benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumours using B-mode, colour Doppler, power Doppler and spectral Doppler

- Echotexture of a canine mammary gland tumour may differentiate its benign or malignant behavior.
- Benign mammary gland tumours showed homogeneous echotexture, while in most of malignant tumours was heterogeneous.
- Vascular flow pattern of benign mammary gland tumours was peripheral in a significant number of cases.
- Malignant mammary gland tumours showed mainly a mixed vascular flow distribution.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the comparison between the ultrasonographic features of canine mammary tumours, assessed by B-Mode, colour Doppler, power Doppler, spectral Doppler, and histopathologic features, would help to differentiate if a tumour is benign or malignant.Ultrasonographic examinations of 104 tumours were performed. Volume, margins, presence of a capsule, echotexture and presence and distribution of the vascular flow of the tumours were evaluated.All the tumours were surgically removed, submitted for histopathologic examination and classified in two groups: Group I (benign tumours) and Group II (malignant tumours).Echotexture was the only parameter evaluated by B-Mode ultrasonography where significant differences were found (p < 0.01), with tumours in Group I being homogeneous and tumours in Group II presenting greater heterogeneity.Presence of vascular flow was observed in most of the tumours from both groups and no differences between them were found. Regarding flow distribution, significant differences were observed between groups (p < 0.05). In benign tumours, the most common vascular pattern was the peripheral, showing significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to mixed and central patterns. In malignant tumours the mixed pattern was the most frequent. Also significant differences among other patterns (peripheral and central) were found. Concerning vascular resistivity and pulsatility indexes, there were no significant differences between the two groups.The echotexture and type of vascular flow pattern of canine mammary gland tumours may help, in a first examination of the tumour, to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours; however to reach a definitive diagnosis histological study is required.