Responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia to TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles: A dynamic nano-toxicity assessment of energy budget distribution

▶ The degree of photoactivity does not affect toxic assays outcome. ▶ Nanoparticles affect C. dubia food abundance, i.e. algal cell concentration. ▶ Nanoparticles disrupt the energy of assimilation and consumption. ▶ Negative responses observed are partially due to energy disruption. ▶ Energy budget should be considered in assessing nanotoxicity.