The toxic effects of melamine on spleen lymphocytes with or without cyanuric acid in mice

- Co-administration of melamine and cyanuric acid caused a declining tendency in stimulation index of mouse spleen lymphocyte.
- All treated groups had lower ratios of CD4+/CD8+than that of control group.
- Melamine (high dose) or its with cyanuric acid (middle dose) caused a significant increase in Caspase-3 mRNA expression.
- Melamine-related toxicity promoted the expression of Bax mRNA, and suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in mice spleen.
- The ingestion of melamine alone or combination with cyanuric acid had certain toxic effects on spleen lymphocytes of mice.

Melamine is an organic nitrogenous compound whose acute toxicity was generally thought to be low in animals. In the present work, we investigated the potential cytotoxic effects of melamine on spleen lymphocytes in mice. In the treated group, morphological changes were observed in cultured lymphocytes in vitro. The co-administration of melamine and cyanuric acid caused a declining tendency in stimulation index of spleen lymphocyte. All treated groups had lower ratios of CD4+/CD8+. Both early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic rates of lymphocyte were significantly higher in the co-administration high groups of melamine and cyanuric acid. Melamine-related toxicity promoted the expression of Bax mRNA, and suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in spleen of the treated mice. These results provided useful information for assessing the toxicity of melamine on immune system of mammals, and contributed to the existing toxic profile of melamine